How planes land in fog?

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All professional pilots have to qualify for Instrument Flight Rules. This designation requires training a pilot to fly using only his instruments, GPS, and transponder locations. It's the same as flying at night, through clouds, snow, as well as fog. The pilot files a flight plan which tells the airport what the pilot is flying, where he's flying to, and when he should arrive. This information is shared with airports along all over the area. It also is tied into the flight computer on the plane. The pilot is to check in where theres an airport so as to update the air traffic system. They read his transponder when he's in the area, and expect him to report his position, so they know everything is ok. When the pilot arrives at his destination airport, he receives information as to what runway he is to use, what direction it lies, and if it is clear for landing. Like the previous answer, there are devices that help keep the plane on track to the runway besides the lights. Using this system, a pilot can fly without using visual cues. But they do help on occasion.

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Search lights guide them in and then there are lights all over the runway.

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They use their radar. Once on the ground they move as slowly as they can

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To oversimplify they fly down an electronic beam which brings the airplane so close to the runway that the pilot can see it and land visually and the more modern systems will actually guide the plane to touch the runway without the guidance of the pilot.

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They use an "instrument landing approach"

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Instruments in their airplanes show the exact coordinates of the runway, and as long as they stay on that flight path, they will land the plane where they intended.

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It is sort of like an imaginary highway in the sky

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they use ILS or MLS for example.
ILS is instrumental landing sistem, it is based on radiofrequency emitted directionally from the end of the runway. 4 beams are organized in 2 helps, 1 for altitude, 1 for direction. For example 1 beam says too high(or too left), the other too low(or too right), if you are in the middle you are in the flightpath
the MLS is similar, it helps in finding the right flightpath, but it's based on a moving microwaves beam and the time between 2 passages from the plane.

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The use an ILS - Instrument Landing System. Which allows the pilots to navigate in bad weather with their instruments.

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fly an IFR (instrument flight rules) approach to the airport. this means using intruments to fly, not being able to see outside. landing visually is called a VFR approach, or Visual Flight Rules. hope that helps, it gets a lot mroe detailed, but this is the basics.

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Fog is actually a very hazardous phenomenon. When you see fog early in the morning, you can usually see the blue sky if you look up but not very far if you look horizontally. Likewise, pilots can be flying in Visual Meteorological Conditions (VMC) and see clearly the airport and runway from the air, since they're looking through the same thin layer of fog, but on approach as the plane sinks to land, the plane sinks into the fog layer which would cause the pilot to completely lose reference to the runway; in which case an overshoot is the only acceptable maneuver. If a pilot is approaching a towered airport which reports a Runway Visual Range (RVR) there's a minimum value in which case either an approach ban or take-off prohibition is used, usually 1/2 mile horizontal or RVR 2600. To correct other posters who discuss instrument approaches. Various instrument approaches have different minimums at which the pilot must break out of the IFR conditions, and report a visual on the runway. These various minimums are dictated by which instruments are used for the different approaches. Some instruments are more reliable than others and have lower minimums. The standard CAT I ILS is the most common approach type with minimums set for 200 feet above ground level (AGL). This is the height which a pilot must report seeing the runway or initiate the overshoot procedure. The CAT II ILS has a minimum descent altitude of 100 feet AGL and CAT III can descend right to the runway in 0/0 visibility. CAT II and CAT III ILS are very costly to setup and so quite rare.

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They land under IFR (Instrumented Flight Rules) condition,using ILS (Instrumented Landing System)approaches.ILS is basically using radio signals to guide the plane along a beam. The ILS consists of a localizer,which provides left/right information,and a glideslope,which gives up/down information. Pilots also have to be able to visually locate the runway at a certain height to be able to legally land. (This altitude is DH,also known as Decision Height). IF the pilot can't see the runway at DH,it will need to execute a go-around,which simply means a aborted landing.

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IFR (instrumental flight rules) where they used the instruments to navigate themselves to the runway. ATC (air traffic control) tells them where to head, and they go where they are told. And for the person above who said that they don't, they do it very often........it is the same as low lying overcast.... you hear the planes but you don't see them! Good question!

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Some airplanes and airports have the ability to do "hands off landings". The pilots only watch the instruments, but are ready to take over if there is a problem. It is all accomplished with the use of instruments that tell them where the runway is. Using instuments, the pilots could take off and land with no windows and they practice that when they train for instrument only flying.

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IFR my friend.

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Wear foggos and wait until you feel the bump.
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