Question:
How does a helicopter move? And stay in flight?
Answers:
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You've got some pretty good answers there already, I hope I can clarify-How can I find the owner of a particular aircraft?
A helicopter has the same 4 basic forces acting on it as any heavier than air aircraft.
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1. Gravity
2. Lift
3. Thrust
4. Drag
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Increase any of those parameters and it will cause the aircraft to descend, climb, accelerate, or slow down, respectively. Decrease and it will do the opposite.
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In a level constant speed flight:
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gravity = lift
thrust = drag
A helicopter also has the same basic movements as any aircraft:
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Yaw = nose L-R, vertical axis
Pitch = nose up-down, transverse horizontal axis
Roll = turn, longitudinal horizontal axis
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A helicopter has a rotating wing called a rotor. Most helicopters have 2, 3, 4, or 5 blades in the rotor, and they rotate around a vertical shaft (called a rotor mast) at the helicopter's center of gravity. When the rotating wings are moving with enough speed to generate lift, the plane of rotation is called a rotor disk. Under normal flight conditions, the rotor turns at a constant speed (called NR) and its the amount and location of pitch (which becomes lift) that is controlled by the pilot that defines where and how fast the helicopter is going to go. It's very complex, but let's keep it simple.
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In a hover in a zero wind condition, the rotor is producing exactly as much lift as there is gravity, and it is not producing any thrust. The rotor disk is perfectly horizontal, so there is no drag or thrust on the helicopter (but there is drag and thrust on the blades). Now if the pilot chooses to move forward, s/he moves the cyclic (right hand) ahead, which causes increased pitch as the blades are at the back of the rotor disk, and exactly the same amount of decrease in pitch at the front. This causes the rotor disk to tilt forward (on its flapping hinges or flex in the rotor head or blades, depending on the design of the rotor system), and the helicopter will move ahead because now in addition to the lift we have thrust. Now if the pilot doesn't do anything else, the helicopter will very rapidly crash to earth because the rotor has now lost part of its lift to thrust, so the pilot must also add some collective (left hand), which increases the pitch on the entire disk as the blades travel around the hub. That's why the controls are called a cyclic and a collective, becuase they control the amount and locaiton of the pitch. One more thing the pilot has to worry about now is RPM, because as the power demand from the main and tail rotors change, the engine throttle (twist grip on collective control) must be adjusted to maintain the right power setting (on a piston engine helicopter - turbine helicopters have a governor but that must still be mionitored by the pilot). If the pilot doesn't do anything else, the helicopter will rotate (to the right if its US built) out of control because there is now extra torque in the main rotor that needs to be compensated with the tail rotor (foot pedals). But that takes more power, so s/he needs to add more throttle and that will cause the helicopter to move to the right, so now you need to correct to the left. Its a never ending process that takes some practice.
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If s/he wants to slow down, just reverse all these steps.
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So basically its the tilting of the main rotor that controls the flight direction of the helicopter. Tilting to the left (with left cyclic input) causes the helicopter to move to the left (with right pedal input) in a hover, and tilting to the left in flight will turn to the left. The fuselage (body) of the helicopter will tend to follow the tilting of the rotor, but that is not what causes a helicopter to move forward.
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The tail rotor is controlled by foot pedals, and it has two purposes:
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1. to counteract the torque from the main rotor (Newton's third law of motion - for every action there is an equal and opposite reaction)
2. to control the yaw of the helicopter.
These are related but not quite the same. The tail rotor is usually comprised of two blades with an airfoil shape rotating around a horizontal shaft mounted on the tail of the helicopter. In a zero-wind hover, the tail rotor consumes about 17% of total engine power. Its pitch is controlled by the foot pedals, and like the main rotor, its RPM is constant in a normal situation.
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Except for some experimental military types, there are no helicopters that derive forward thrust from jet exhaust.
Don't even ask about gyroscopic precession, translational lift, coaxial rotors, compressibility stall, and vortex ring state yet!
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The rotors create lift in a manner similar to an aircraft wing.The rotors are tilted to control the direction of flight.
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The rotor blades are long, thin wings. As they spin they create lift, which offsets the force of gravity. One of the pilot's controls shifts the angle of the blades to provide extra lift as needed, another controls the fuel flow to change the speed of the engine which changes the speed of the rotors, and another tilts the rotor hub which causes weight shift, moving the helo in that direction. More advanced helos have more high-tech tricks, but that covers the basics.Would an old PanAm 5 gallon gas tank be worth any money?
I'm guessing the four basic principles of flight apply to helicopters as well as airplanes, just in different measures. Lift, Drag, Speed and Gravity. In addition, Bernoulli's Principle states that "the faster air flows over an object, the less pressure it exerts upon said object." I suppose this would hold true for the blades of the rotor on a helicopter. Rather than relying on taxiing for takeoff to build airflow over the wing, the rotor rotates faster to create the same airflow over the blades. When airflow increases, pressure decreases, thus resulting in Lift.What is a good website that tells u how pilots control an airplane?
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One thing I can add to the first two is that the rotating 'wings' create a torque. That's why the tail propeller is added. The engine twists the lift rotor one way, the body of the helecopter tries to twist the other way, and the tail rotor keeps the helecopter body from turning. Also, a helicopter can be flown as a plane (or gyrocopter, really). Once you lighten the weight enough, you can gather forward speed in order to gain altitude. It can be landed in a similar fashion, especially in case of engine failure.Look at the Bumble Bee or ask Leonardo DaVinci. Take a alook at the inclined plane and the principal/theory of flight.
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A helicopter flies by beating the air into submission.The peddals are the anti-torque. When the rotor blades move through the air, they create resistance. This resistance causes the body of the helicopter to try and spin in the opposite direction of the rotors. The pedals control the pitch of the tail rotor blades. The higher the pitch, the higher the propultion created. The tail rotor counteracts the torque twisting caused by the rotor blades... So, when your flying a helicopter, your controling up and down, left and right, forward and backward, twisting left and right, and sometimes the throttle.
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you have the controls which are as follows1.cyclic main rotor blades
2. collective main rotor blade pitch (lift)
3. pedals (tail rotor blade pitch)
it is like playing the drums all have to be put into motion at the same time to maintain the inherent instability of the machine
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All excellent answers, but Bob G, that is not the reason. Some of them are so ugly the earth just repels them.More Questions & Answers ...
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