Question:
Aerodynamics in cars[Automotive aerodynamics]
Answers:
The coefficient of drag can be measured several ways, experimentally or theoretically.
Experimentally, you have the object or a scale model move and the actual drag force measured, then the drag coefficient is derived by non dimensioning that force, since drag is in relation to the square of the speed, times the density of air, and the characteristic dimension retained (the projected frontal area for a car, the wing area for airplane).
Theoretically, it is a lot more complex, as one has to solve the Navier-Stokes equations to include the viscosity of the air. It cannot be summarized in just a few lines. But good estimates of the drag can be derived from empirical methods. Since you are interested in automotive aerodynamics, the best book I know of is "Road vehicle aerodynamics" by A.J.Scibor-Rylski. The charts in that book will allow you to estimate the drag of a car, and see what can be done to improve it. A bit expensive, but then again, most aerodynamics books are, as they are not exactly best-sellers.
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The slipstream in aerodynamics is the airstream surrounding an aerofoil structure; there should be relevant motion of airstream or aerofoil to determine the slipstream.You can picture the slipstream with sensitive thermal sensing camera.Can a helicopter move /fly backwards?
Drag co-efficient calculation; Most of the calculations are carried out based on mathematical formulae; then a prototype model is tested in wind tunnel almost to a very high accuracy. But still the actual model need and is put to rigorous test and checks.
Mainly the drag coefficient depends on viscosity , temperature,velocity,density of the fluid; shape, area,surface finish, angle of attack and projection etc. including some constants are used to calculate drag co-efficient.
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The coefficient of drag is a unitless number and is used t balance the drag equation.
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Drag = Cd1/2pV^2Swhere:
Cd is the coefficient of drag
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1/2pV^2 is the dynamic pressure of the air (1/2 x p (greek letter rho for air density) x velocity squared).
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S is the frontal area of the object.
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By knowing the dynamic pressure, the frontal area, and the force the drag produces (like in a wind tunnel), we can figure out the coefficient of drag.
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Cd = Drag/(1/2pV^2S)
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