How much food could they store on ships made in 1400's?

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If six people (all women in this case) wanted to sail around the world how big a boat would they need?

They took some of their food "on the hoof" and butchered it as needed. The amount would be determined by the size of the vessel and size of the crew and length of the voyage and if and where they could stop off and replenish their supplies on the voyage. Seafarers frequently suffered from scurvy because of a lack of vitamin C. A remedy was to take limes, a good source of this vitamin. Hence the British term for sailors: limeys.

I have a picture of the USNS Gen. Edwin D. Patrick.?

Don't know for sure but the Europeans mainly used small 20 man crew ships called CARAVELS that were swift and maneuverable(They had largers ones too). The Chinese at that time had huge ships called JUNKS that could hold 500 people and supplies.

How do I determine the proper boat anchor?

Well Columbus was out 66+ days. Food could be kept for a long time by storing it in barrels. The pork could be salted and this would preserve the pork for months. Cheese was another favorite as it was preserved by waxing the outer layer. Flour could last quite awhile if you could keep the rats out of it.Sometimes they brought live stock goats or chickens the goats for milk and meat. The chickens for eggs and meat. Wine or ale were preferred over water as the alchol would stay safe while the water could go bad. Another staple was hard tack a thick cracker used in place of bread. Another favorite was rats. Icky but true. So a ship could store tons of food and water/booze. It depended on the size of the crew and ship I would look up what Columbus stored or the pilgrims on the Mayflower this should give an idea of exact tonnages of what foods.
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