How did they make ships ( like pirate ships) water tight?

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They coat them with Bitumen, or Tar.

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Tar

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probably with tar..

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between wood they used to put some fabric like wool and something like glue to fill in the gaps.

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To keep the ship watertight, they hacked old oakum from seams using a jerry iron, drove new oakum into the seams with a caulking iron, and then ladled hot pitch into the seams to seal them tight.

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ROPE AND PINE TAR BETWEEN THE BOARDS

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I saw this last week on discovery. They coat the boards with a water sealant. Then one man comes and taps cotton soaked with glue in between each board (the horizontal ones)with a chisel-like tool and a hammer. After that he taps rope in between them. Finally he caulks over that and lets it dry. Tada! Watertight ship.

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A mixture of tar and tree sap was heated and allowed to flow into the cracks between the timbers. Even though this prevented most of the water from coming in, it is impossible to completely seal a porous material like wood, and so they still required a pump on board.

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they used to stuff the spaces between the planks that formed the shape of the hull with batting soaked in tar--they would stuffit in, literally, to keep the hull sealed. this process needed to be repeated fairly often, and undrway, someone would lean off the ship, tied with rope, hanging nearly upside down to seal the hull between the boot stripe at the waterline and the level ogf the water as ship sailed--called that being between the devil and the deep blue sea-----the waterline area called the devil.

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To make a wooden ship water tight two things happen 1 you use tar to seal the seems and 2 the wood will swell to seal the seems as well when the wood soaks in water. Deck hatches where covered by canvas stretched over a wooden frame. If a shot should punch a hole in the side they would take a sail cover it with tar wieght the lower part with lead and let the suction of the water enering the hole pull the sail in until the hole was filled by the sail this wouldn't stop the water completely but would slow the water enough to give the pumps a chance to keep up with the water. Hope that was useful.

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Watertight vessels sisn't officially come of age until the mid 1800s, when the famous White Star liner Arctic sank. This wooden hulled ship did not have watertight compartments, even though many other ships were beginning to be built with them already. Mostly all ships from the period of 1850 and before were not watertight. And bulkheads and compartments were far and few. Pirate ships, just a name given to those who plunder and loot were effective the same way.

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Once naval architects and engineers discovered that steel hulled ships fair better in rough weather, heavy seas, and collisions, among many other things at sea, steel hulled ships became the norm, along with watertight bulkheads that sealed off what was known as compartments, allowing certain sections of a ship to flood safely and still remain afloat.

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wood and metal
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