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Steam Ships can be propelled two ways, either using a steam turbine to turn a propeller, or using a steam turbine to turn a generator, that feeds electricity to an electric motor that turns a propeller. Motor Vessels have internal combustion engines that either turn a propeller, or turn a generator that powers an electric motor to turn a propeller, the latter being classed as diesel electric.
Nuclear Powered vessels use a reactor to create steam. The steam powers generators, feeding electricity to propulsion motors, and other systems throughout the ship. With one exeption, this type of ship is military.
Another type of propulsion system more common in military vessels than the merchant fleet is Gas Turbine. This type of system is like the steam turbine, except combustion gasses instead of steam are used to turn it, like a jet engine.
The turbines, or motors are coupled to reduction gears, kind of like a huge automobile transmission, to reduce the revolutions down to a manageable rate, and transfers the work to the propeller shaft.
Once turning, the propeller creates thrust, moving the ship. Behind the propeller, is the rudder, which directs the thrust to steer the ship. When a ship has little or no headway or has sternway on, it has very poor control and does not steer well. In these situations Harbor tugs, and thrusters are required to safely manage the vessel, usually around the docks, and in harbors.. Once the Ship has a fair amount of headway on her, she gains directional stability and can be steered with her rudder alone.
All of this is not taking into account wind and current. Wind affects the part of the ship that is out of the water, which is a vast amount of sail area. Current affects the part of the ship under the water, which can be over 50 ft deep. These two forces can increase your speed, slow you down, and affect your steering.
Other factors affecting steerage and speed are the amount of water under the keel, and distance off a bank or shoal, which if not enough can cause the ship to shear, slow, or squat lower in the water.
By a propeller spinning in the water.
There are many different ways. Some ships use sails and use the power of the wind to move. Most other ships use propellors in the water that spin and push the boat through the water. The propellors can be powered by almost anything from an electric motor, to a diesel engine, even nuclear power in some large war ships.
Some ships move using fans in the air, these are called hover craft.
Still others use a sort of turbine like a jet engine, but it works in the water.
Some ships use more than one of these methods and some even use people who row the boat with paddles!
A ship moves by Newtons 3rd Law of motion.(For every motion there is an equal and opposite motion) When the propeller pushes on the water, the ship moves forward. In a sail boat when the wind pushes on the sail the boat moves forward.
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A ship is propeled by either diesel Electric Motorswhich is a diesel motor conected to a generator which is conected to a electrical motor which turns a shaft conected to the screw (Propeler) or it runs directly off a motor that is fueled by fossil fules such as diesel or bunker fuel
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