Question:
does the compresor on a 91 celica shut down when low on freon? Got a broken AC just want to ck all aspects before taking to shop. fuses have been cked (all OK), not sure how to ck relays. Suggestions welcome, thanks to all.
Answers:
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Yes since way back in the early 1970's the magnetic clutch attached to the compressor on all Toyotas will not engage and activate the compressor when the freon level gets severely low (compressor oil is mixed with the R12 freon so a severely low freon charge can cause the compressor to be starved of vital lubricating oil). But you should have noticed a gradual drop in cooling performance before the freon level got low enough to disable the magnetic clutch.If you didn't notice a gradual drop in cooling performance then there is a possibility the compressor or the magnetic clutch itself are bad and simply refilling the system with R12 freon won't accomplish anything.
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But if the freon leak was slow and gradual and if there is still some residual pressure (residual freon) in the system a $30 solution to get the magnetic clutch working again is to buy 2 cans of GENUINE R12 freon on ebay + the R12 charging hose that sells on ebay for $5-10 and install the freon yourself. Installing R12 from cans when the system is nearly empty of freon is tricky
(cans have to be heated to 110 degrees F to force the freon gas into the system). So if you are totally inexperienced at doing this, buy the freon on ebay and take it to an auto shop and hire them to put it in the car. To test for residual freon, locate one of the metal refrigant lines that runs from the compressor to the engine firewall and look for a fitting on the line with a BLACK colored tire valve like cap on it. Unscrew the BLACK cap and using a small screwdriver, press down gently on the needle like schraeder valve (= identical in appearance to a tire valve) and if you hear air escaping then you know there is residual R12 freon still in the system (never fool with a fitting with a RED colored cap)
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If there is no residual freon in the system then your system is totally discharged of freon due to a severe leak and cannot simply be topped off with refrigerant to get the magnetic clutch working again because the AC system is now contaminated with atmospheric moisture. Instead, you'll need to have a shop find and fix the leak, + change the receiver-drier, + add 3 ounces of new compressor oil + pull a deep vacuum on the system for 20-30 minutes and then and only then, add two and one half 12 ounce cans of genuine R12 freon (or two 14 ounce cans).
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A huge potential problem you face is that scam artists are the norm, not the exception in the AC business. So you may have a hard time finding anyone who will simply install the freon you bought on ebay for $50-$100 labor without them also insist on charging you hundreds of more dollars for unnecessary services like fixing the slow seepage leak or retrofitting your system to another type of refrigerant like R134a or talking you into a R12 "substitute" etc.
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The vast majority of old Toyotas only suffer from minor seepage leaks so topping off the system every 6 months to 5 years (depending on the severity of the seepage leak) makes the most economical sense, especially since genuine R12 is only $10-13 a can on ebay and the price keeps dropping every year (because older cars are being continually retired from service). Fooling around with anything other than genuine R12 will severely degrade the long term reliability, durability of your R12 system.
No, you can raise the hood and see the clutch turn when it kicks in. If it's out of freon, it shouldn't make any difference. When you turn the AC on you should hear a click and see the clutch wheel on the compressor begin to turn.
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If the clutch is going out, it'll make a noise when you turn it on. They wanted to replace the clutch on my car three years ago but it was still going strong when I traded cars last year.
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The big fuses under the hood are kind of hard to check if you don't know what you're looking for. Relays click and I don't think you can really check them unless you know how they work and can recognize that they aren't doing their job. I don't think there's a whole lot of relays to worry about on an AC. There's probably one to kick the clutch in.
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